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- It stands for Foreign Direct Investment. - FDI is an investment in the form of a controlling ownership in a business in one country by an entity based in another country. - It is of three types: - Horizontal FDI - Platform FDI - Vertical FDI - In India, FDI was introduced in 1991 under Foreign Exchange Management Act. - It is different from Foreign   Portfolio Investment, where the foreign entity merely buys equity shares of a company. - In FDI, an foreign entity has a say in day to day operations of the company. - FDI brings new technologies, skills, knowledge, etc. along with money for a country. ҈ Back English / Abbreviations Main List English Resources UGC NET JRF IGNOU SOL Free Mock Tests UPSC Free Resources Save Nature Take Step Now Home © Geo-Que

- It stands for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. - It is a viral respiratory disease of zoo-notic origin caused by the SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). - Initial symptoms are flu-like and may include fever, muscle pain, lethargy symptoms, cough, sore throat, and other nonspecific symptoms. The only symptom common to all patients appears to be a fever above 100°F. - Between November 2002 and July 2003, an outbreak of SARS in the southern China caused an eventual 8,098 cases resulting in 774 deaths reported in 17 countries. - Since 2004, no case of SARS had been reported, but recently there are another outbreak of a Novel Coronavirus (nCoV) in China`s Wuhan city. Now, it is spreading rapidly in whole World. As on 11 March, 2023  68,11,353 peoples were died from nCoronavirus since it first reported on 31st December, 2019. ҈ Back English / Abbreviations Main List English Resources UGC NET JRF IGNOU SOL Free Mock Tests UPSC Free Resources Save Nature Take Step Now Home © Geo-Que

- It stands for Below Poverty Line. - In India, government of India used BPL as a benchmark to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid.  - To determine BPL, there are various parameters which vary from state to state, within states and villages and urban areas have different parameters, presently criteria are based on survey conducted in 2002. - In Ninth Five –Year Plan (1997-2002) survey, BPL for rural areas was set at annual family income less than Rs. 20,000 less than two hectares land and no television or refrigerator. - In Tenth Five –Year Plan (2002-2007) survey, BPL for rural areas was based on the degree of deprivation in respect of 13 parameters – types of house, clothing, food, security, sanitation, consumer durables, literacy status, labour force, means of livelihood, status of children, type of indebtedness, reasons for migrations, etc.; and for urban areas was based on degree of deprivation in respe

- It stands for Geographic Information System. - It is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage and present geographic & spatial data of desire location, which allows users to produce maps and other graphic displays.  - GIS sometimes refers to ‘Geographic Information Science’ (i.e. GIScience ), the science underlying geographic concepts, applications and systems.  - GIS stores data in geographical features and their characteristics; these features are typically classified as points, lines or areas or as raster images. - Since the mid 1980s, geographic information systems have become valuable tool used to support a variety of city and regional planning functions.  - However, the first known use of the term ‘Geographic Information System’, was by Roger Tomlinson in the year 1968 in his paper “A Geographic Information System for Regional Planning”.  - Roger Tomlinson is also acknowledged as the father of GIS . ҈ Back English / Abbreviations Main List English R

- NABARD stands for  NAtional Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. -  It is the apex Indian Development Bank to provide finance for agriculture and rural development.  - It primarily focussed on the  rural sector  of the country.  - It`s headquarter is located in the Mumbai (the Financial Capital of the India).  - It is a  statutory body  established on  12 July, 1982  under parliamentary act – National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development Act, 1981.  - It replaced the  Agricultural Credit Department  (ACD) and  Rural Planning and Credit Cell  (RPCC) and  Agricultural Refinance and Development Corporation  (ARDC) of Reserve Bank of India. - The NABARD (Amendment) bill, 2017 passed in  2018 . - First charimen of NABARD was  M Ram Krishannaya. - Present Chairman (2023) of NABARD is  Shri Shaji K V . ҈ Back English / Abbreviations Main List English Resources UGC NET JRF IGNOU SOL Free Mock Tests UPSC Free Resources Save Nature Take Step Now Home © Geo-Que